视频的播放和暂停

在任何应用开发中,视频播放都是一项常见任务,Flutter 应用也不例外。为了支持视频播放,Flutter 团队提供了 video_player 插件。你可以使用 video_player 插件播放存储在本地文件系统中的视频或者网络视频。

在 iOS 上,video_player 使用 AVPlayer 进行播放控制。在 Android 上,使用的是 ExoPlayer

这个章节讲解的是如何借助 video_player 包接收网络视频流,并加入基本的播放、暂停操作。

步骤

  1. 添加 video_player 依赖

  2. 添加权限

  3. 创建并初始化 VideoPlayerController

  4. 展示视频播放器

  5. 播放视频和暂停视频

1. 添加 video_player 依赖

这个章节基于一个 Flutter 插件: video_player。首先,添加依赖到 pubspec.yaml 中。

运行 flutter pub addvideo_player 添加为依赖:

$ flutter pub add video_player

2. 添加权限

然后,你需要确保你的应用拥有从网络中获取视频流的权限。因此,你需要更新你的 androidios 配置。

Android 配置

AndroidManifest.xml 文件中的 <application> 配置项下加入如下权限。 AndroidManifest.xml 文件的路径是 <project root>/android/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <application ...>

    </application>

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
</manifest>

iOS 配置

针对 iOS,你需要在 <project root>/ios/Runner/Info.plist 路径下的 Info.plist 文件中加入如下配置。

<key>NSAppTransportSecurity</key>
<dict>
  <key>NSAllowsArbitraryLoads</key>
  <true/>
</dict>

3. 创建并初始化 VideoPlayerController

video_player 插件成功安装且权限设置完成后,需要创建一个 VideoPlayerControllerVideoPlayerController 类允许你播放不同类型的视频并进行播放控制。

在播放视频前,需要对播放控制器进行初始化。初始化过程主要是与视频源建立连接和播放控制的准备。

创建和初始化 VideoPlayerController 时,请遵循以下步骤:

  1. 创建一个 StatefulWidget 组件和 State

  2. State 类中增加一个变量来存放 VideoPlayerController

  3. State 类中增加另外一个变量来存放 VideoPlayerController.initialize 返回的 Future

  4. initState 方法里创建和初始化控制器

  5. dispose 方法里销毁控制器

class VideoPlayerScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  const VideoPlayerScreen({super.key});

  @override
  State<VideoPlayerScreen> createState() => _VideoPlayerScreenState();
}

class _VideoPlayerScreenState extends State<VideoPlayerScreen> {
  late VideoPlayerController _controller;
  late Future<void> _initializeVideoPlayerFuture;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();

    // Create and store the VideoPlayerController. The VideoPlayerController
    // offers several different constructors to play videos from assets, files,
    // or the internet.
    _controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
      Uri.parse(
        'https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/videos/butterfly.mp4',
      ),
    );

    _initializeVideoPlayerFuture = _controller.initialize();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    // Ensure disposing of the VideoPlayerController to free up resources.
    _controller.dispose();

    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // Complete the code in the next step.
    return Container();
  }
}

4. 展示视频播放器

现在到了展示播放器的时候。video_player 插件提供了 VideoPlayer 组件来展示已经被 VideoPlayerController 初始化完成的视频。默认情况下,VideoPlayer 组件会尽可能撑满整个空间。但是这通常不会太理想,因为很多时候视频需要在特定的宽高比下展示,比如 16x9 或者 4x3。

因此,你可以把 VideoPlayer 组件嵌进一个 AspectRatio 组件中,保证视频播放保持正确的比例。

此外,你必须在 _initializeVideoPlayerFuture 完成后才展示 VideoPlayer 组件。你可以使用 FutureBuilder 来展示一个旋转的加载图标直到初始化完成。请注意:控制器初始化完成并不会立即开始播放。

// Use a FutureBuilder to display a loading spinner while waiting for the
// VideoPlayerController to finish initializing.
FutureBuilder(
  future: _initializeVideoPlayerFuture,
  builder: (context, snapshot) {
    if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
      // If the VideoPlayerController has finished initialization, use
      // the data it provides to limit the aspect ratio of the video.
      return AspectRatio(
        aspectRatio: _controller.value.aspectRatio,
        // Use the VideoPlayer widget to display the video.
        child: VideoPlayer(_controller),
      );
    } else {
      // If the VideoPlayerController is still initializing, show a
      // loading spinner.
      return const Center(
        child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
      );
    }
  },
)

5. 播放视频和暂停视频

默认情况下,播放器启动时会处于暂停状态。开始播放,需要调用 VideoPlayerController 提供的play() 方法。停止播放,需要调用 pause() 方法。

在这个示例中,向应用加入了一个 FloatingActionButton,这个按钮会根据播放状态展示播放或者暂停的图标。当用户点击按钮,会切换播放状态。如果当前是暂停状态,就开始播放。如果当前是播放状态,就暂停播放。

FloatingActionButton(
  onPressed: () {
    // Wrap the play or pause in a call to `setState`. This ensures the
    // correct icon is shown.
    setState(() {
      // If the video is playing, pause it.
      if (_controller.value.isPlaying) {
        _controller.pause();
      } else {
        // If the video is paused, play it.
        _controller.play();
      }
    });
  },
  // Display the correct icon depending on the state of the player.
  child: Icon(
    _controller.value.isPlaying ? Icons.pause : Icons.play_arrow,
  ),
)

完整样例

import 'dart:async';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';

void main() => runApp(const VideoPlayerApp());

class VideoPlayerApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const VideoPlayerApp({super.key});

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return const MaterialApp(
      title: 'Video Player Demo',
      home: VideoPlayerScreen(),
    );
  }
}

class VideoPlayerScreen extends StatefulWidget {
  const VideoPlayerScreen({super.key});

  @override
  State<VideoPlayerScreen> createState() => _VideoPlayerScreenState();
}

class _VideoPlayerScreenState extends State<VideoPlayerScreen> {
  late VideoPlayerController _controller;
  late Future<void> _initializeVideoPlayerFuture;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();

    // Create and store the VideoPlayerController. The VideoPlayerController
    // offers several different constructors to play videos from assets, files,
    // or the internet.
    _controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
      Uri.parse(
        'https://flutter.github.io/assets-for-api-docs/assets/videos/butterfly.mp4',
      ),
    );

    // Initialize the controller and store the Future for later use.
    _initializeVideoPlayerFuture = _controller.initialize();

    // Use the controller to loop the video.
    _controller.setLooping(true);
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    // Ensure disposing of the VideoPlayerController to free up resources.
    _controller.dispose();

    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: const Text('Butterfly Video'),
      ),
      // Use a FutureBuilder to display a loading spinner while waiting for the
      // VideoPlayerController to finish initializing.
      body: FutureBuilder(
        future: _initializeVideoPlayerFuture,
        builder: (context, snapshot) {
          if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
            // If the VideoPlayerController has finished initialization, use
            // the data it provides to limit the aspect ratio of the video.
            return AspectRatio(
              aspectRatio: _controller.value.aspectRatio,
              // Use the VideoPlayer widget to display the video.
              child: VideoPlayer(_controller),
            );
          } else {
            // If the VideoPlayerController is still initializing, show a
            // loading spinner.
            return const Center(
              child: CircularProgressIndicator(),
            );
          }
        },
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () {
          // Wrap the play or pause in a call to `setState`. This ensures the
          // correct icon is shown.
          setState(() {
            // If the video is playing, pause it.
            if (_controller.value.isPlaying) {
              _controller.pause();
            } else {
              // If the video is paused, play it.
              _controller.play();
            }
          });
        },
        // Display the correct icon depending on the state of the player.
        child: Icon(
          _controller.value.isPlaying ? Icons.pause : Icons.play_arrow,
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}